Industrial Revolution Concept of Modern City

Question: Talk about the Industrial Revolution for Concept of Modern City. Answer: Presentation: With the coming of the Industrial Revolution, the idea of Modern City Ideal came stylish. The key empowering influence of Industrial Revolution was innovation as the different creations and mechanical developments basically prompted the unrest. The modern unrest driven by innovation caused a significant change in social and social lives too. Because of the huge mechanical towns which filled in as present day urban areas, there was mass influx of movement to urban communities looking for better business which basically prompted the extension of modern urban areas as the different laborers began living on the edges. Step by step, as time advanced these mechanical towns confronted different issues, for example, high thickness, absence of transportation, outrageous destitution particularly among laborers, issues of ghettos as no appropriate lodging for laborers and poor which comprised huge areas in the general public. Moreover, the issue of modern contamination likewise existed (Stauden maier and John, 1985). These urban areas had a place with the nineteenth century and when the twentieth century came, different mechanical advancements changed the possibility of Modern City Ideal. The past thought of present day urban areas was relinquished with the principle issue being that those urban communities were excessively static and not in a state of harmony with the dynamic world driven by mechanical progressions. These were rather changed into new urban communities which not at all like the past urban areas was better prepared. These were the rural spreads which normally got well known after 1920s. In contrast to, the past perfect urban communities, these were described by low populace densities. Also, there were fully open spaces and vehicle reliance has created due to guiding of the car upheaval in the US. The created zones of these urban communities were isolated by aimless improvements at the edges through wide territories. Additionally, the regions were isolated according to the specific utilization, Also, the effect of the mechanical advancements was noticeable on the family life too particularly after the Second World War as the time of increased birth rates pattern started. Additionally, because of continuous disturbances especially because of war, these urban areas couldn't keep up the rising lodging prerequisite and needed to confront mass lodging deficiencies (Smith, Roe and Leo, 1994). Therefore, the rural spreads cleared route to the Levittown which were arranged urban communities which had arranged road designs alongside pre-manufactured houses that were solid and furthermore reasonable. These urban communities were profoundly powerful and fit to meet the future needs of extension as they were moved toward greenfield destinations mulling over anticipated inflow from different zones. Further, the methods for creation were likewise step by step modifying with more noteworthy utilization of robotization which further improved the profitability of different enterprises. This was the time of shopper enterprises which intended to give the individuals access to different things of extravagance in order to make their life agreeable (Staudenmaier and John, 1985). Be that as it may, the following innovative change which went about as an intense change operator is the correspondence and instructive mechanical upheaval especially the web which has totally modified the cuttin g edge lifestyle. Also, influencing the monetary space, it has impacted the social and social area and has driven the general public towards globalization and arrangement of a worldwide economy (Murphie and Potts, 2003). The pace of social and monetary life has expanded with the entrance of correspondence upheaval. Further, because of globalization, the monetary development in specific countries has been supported. Above all, globalization has prompted more prominent social associations and accordingly there is mixing of significant worth frameworks and the way of life, With the nearness of different MNCs in creating countries, the way of life is experiencing a crucial move as the degrees of normalization is on the ascent economy (Murphie and Potts, 2003). Further, there is acknowledgment of a worldwide economy where there are sure issues, for example, environmental change which should be tended to on worldwide level. Subsequently, there is no denying that innovation has set a key job of a change operator in carrying the general public to its present level and the advancement of the general public is firmly connected to innovation. In addition, the effect of innovation as a change specialist has not been constrained to a specific viewpoint yet in the course of the most recent few centuries has pervaded into different parts of life. Reconnaissance has without question become a lifestyle in advanced society. For the sake of national security and promoting of national interests, the occurrence of observation with different condition of workmanship advancements is on the ascent. With this ascent in reconnaissance there are a plenty of concerns drove by the protection avoidance. The state as is clear from aggressive projects, for example, PRISM has overlooked the protection of residents regardless of the nearness of rigid law to guarantee the equivalent. In Canada, the wonder of observation isn't restricted to the administration yet in addition sent by the businesses. While the ambit of Privacy Law is constrained uniquely to government however Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) is unavoidable in its degree and application. One of the arrangements of PIPEDA is that individual data of workers can't be gathered without their assent and further whenever gathered the data should just be utilized for the reason it is expressed to be utilized (Cavoukian, 2013). Be that as it may, the arrangements of this law are bowed and frequently mishandled because of which the individual data about the businesses is gotten. Also, there are other observation strategies which essentially are very broad in their extension and will in general sweep and view all messages and other material that might be shared. Obviously, such sort of grave observation measure do an extraordinary damage to the people security and in USA had brought about employment misfortunes because of disgusting substance being shared over the email. The aftereffect of this is in the US security protests to the business structure the single biggest gathering of grievances (Taylor, 2002). At the point when observation at the work environment is such a worry, the state is especially outfitted with more assets in such manner and has a greater plan nearby which is national security. Be that as it may, the state has cleared gone too far with respect to observation and need to stick to the accompanying expressions of Benjamin Franklin in 1775 (Feldman, 1994). They who can surrender fundamental freedom to acquire a little transitory wellbeing, merit neither freedom nor security. In the US Constitution , the Fourth Amendment unmistakably confines the forces of the state and gives a privilege to the person to make a move if there should arise an occurrence of interruption. Notwithstanding, with the headways of innovation the procedure of reconnaissance is getting progressively mind boggling and clandestine. These will in general become known just when there are a few holes or, more than likely these projects are run in a covert way (Fewick, 2000). The utilization of these advances which are basically shrouded not at all like a CCTV and utilizations modern apparatuses, for example, satellite symbolism had prompted a trust shortage between the individuals and the administration which later on is relied upon to extend as it were. This obvious from a TIME magazine survey about 61% of the American individuals are progressively worried about the limiting of common freedoms causes by the administrations expanding safety efforts instead of the legislature not taking s evere measures to guarantee security (Taylor, 2002). Going ahead, the discussion isn't whether and which reconnaissance innovations must be sent however the inquiry is the means by which and when these must be conveyed in any event, for tending to national security concerns. The state must comprehend that despite the fact that national security is significant however same ought to be given without infringement of common freedoms. This can be empowered by movement to a system named as Privacy by Design where applicable specialized and authoritative controls are assembled in order to ensure that the utilization of these nosy advances is done in a suitable way with responsibility. It is basic to keep up essential straightforwardness concerning the information gathered and conditions under which it is gathered (Taylor, 2002). This is basic as right now the observation exercises are quick turning into a lose-lose situation where the discussion is diminished to picking one among protection and security. This methodology should be modified in the wake of new mechanical advancements in the field of reconnaissance that are required to improve the administrations capacities in such manner. It is basic that the different organizations ought to guarantee national security while guaranteeing that the genuine interests of the individuals are dealt with (Cavoukian, 2013). It is basic that the legislature should hope to address the protection worries of people with fair purpose or, more than likely going ahead the popular supposition against utilization of such strategies may arrive at a tipping point. It is in this way basic that the state conveys information assembling in a sensible, open and responsible way to accomplish the different real social destinations with the goal that a fragile harmony among security and protection can be reestablished going ahead (Cavoukian, 2013). References Cavoukian, A. (2013), Surveillance, at that point and now: Securing Privacy in Public Spaces, Retrieved on August 15 from https://www.ipc.on.ca/pictures/Resources/pbd-surveillance.pdf Feldman, D. (1994), Secrecy, Dignity or Autonomy? Perspectives on Privacy as a Civil Liberty. Current Legal Problems, 47(2): 41-71. Fenwick, H. (2000), Civil Rights: New Labor, Freedom and the Human Rights Act. Harlow: Longman Murphie, A. what's more, Potts, J. (2003). Culture and Technology., London: Palgrave. Smith, M., Roe, M. what's more, Leo, R. (1994).Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism., Cambridge: MIT Press Staudenmaier, S.J. what's more, John, M. (1985). The Debate over Technological Determinism: Technolog

Viva La Revolution :: essays research papers

Viva La Revolution      What would it take to work up the mental fortitude to remain battle ready against the legislature? The fortitude stays covered up for the time being. In any case, when everything looks good, when the future turns into the present, and the scene is set the fearlessness of the individuals will sparkle valid. This scene must be set to trigger the feeling and discharge the patriotism. A few events that could mix the required mental fortitude, paying little heed to the outcomes, would be, in my eyes, maybe the reestablishment of the Draft’s Board or any autocracy activities performed by the legislature. A revolt could occur even at a basic ascent of assessments.      The Drafts Board stayed being used through numerous wars. Be that as it may, these wars and these perspectives are behind the American individuals. Furthermore, maybe behind the thinking about the American Government moreover. Also, on the off chance that it were by some wiped out bit of destiny at any point restored numerous veterans and others would will undoubtedly stand firm. The youngsters of America merit their entitlement to picked on the off chance that they need to protect their nation in war. The very opportunity they have been decided to secure would be gone. In this way they should hold their entitlement to picked. Our nation was made by the battle of an average folks for a just government. Also, who in their correct brain would not battle to keep their entitlement to pick the pioneer of their nation. That is the thing that a majority rules system is about. On the off chance that the American individuals chose to simply let the administration normalize us into specific classes we would preclude the respect from claiming the individuals who kicked the bucket to give us our independence in any case. Our administration safeguards the individuals who are trapped in an autocracy political structure, at that point the individuals must shield themselves from needing protection like the individuals who we as of now assistant. In this circumstance Americans would have almost no decision yet to guard themselves by revolting. As the adage goes, just two things in life are sure, demise and charges. In spite of the fact that expenses may appear trivial thinking for waging war, it merits more consideration. It was a steady raise of duties that started the revolt by Americans against the English government in the birthplace of our fine nation.

Tales From Turning Twenty

Tales From Turning Twenty A week ago today, I turned 20. It occurs to me that something weird has happened every day of my 20-year-old life so far (not sure whether this reflects a general trend in my life, or is just a phase) so here’s an outline, with more detailed stories below. Peruse at your leisure. BIZARRE THINGS AN OVERVIEW Bizarreness from 1 (a little peculiar) to 10 (utterly bizarre) Wednesday Oct 31: I turned 20 ^ Definitely a 10. Thursday Nov 1: I learned from Alan Guth that “you don’t have to have a fantastic amount of energy to create a universe.” ^ Id give it an 8. Maybe even a 9. Thats pretty mind-blowing, though not as mind-blowing as the fact that I am now TWENTY YEARS OLD. Friday Nov 2: I found myself sitting in the kitchen at 6am, one hand writing an equation to show that the Heisenberg operators for position and momentum obey an analog of Newton’s second law, the other hand stirring a vat of soon-to-be chocolate-cinnamon mousse. That night, I put on a dress and makeup and did my hair, slipped my feet into high heels, put on a backpack, walked down one flight of stairs, took off my backpack, and worked on a Junior Lab paper for three hours before changing back into casual gear. ^ That was up there. 9. Saturday Nov 3: I ended up in an ambulance, then at Cambridge Hospital, then listening to a nurse say puff our your chest like a girl puffs out her boobs to help my friend pop his arm back into its socket. ^ A 9, until the nurses comment made it a 10. Sunday Nov 4: I wore pajamas for literally the entire day, locked myself out of my room, and measured muon velocity to be 0.98 times the speed of light exactly what we hoped to get. ^ 1, 3, 8 for the J-Lab miracle. Monday Nov 5: I got a letter from my insurance company asking me for my retirement date. ^ Umthat was pretty weird. 4. Tuesday Nov 6: I voted in the presidential election for the first time! ^ More awesome than bizarre, although its bizarre to think that I am now old enough to do that. 5. Today: I went to the wrong classroom for my linear algebra exam. Also, its snowing. ^ 6. and 8. Didnt see that coming. Wednesday, October 31 Left my room at 12:05am to go to the bathroom, and found a birthday present taped to the door: a montage of pictures from Santa Fe, New Mexico, from a friend with whom I share a love of The Land of Enchantment. With it, a note to have a happy birthday. Was very impressed with said friend’s punctuality. Sometime between 12:30 and 1am: finally went to bed. Alarm rang at 6:30. Immediately got up, because I didn’t want my last action as a 19-year-old to be a lazy one. Got dressed, and was treated to pancakes by my friend Sophie. Turned 20 at 7am. Half an hour after turning 20, I was in an office opposite the Junior Lab facility, standing next to a projector screen and cursing Hurricane Sandy for postponing my oral exam to 7:30am on my birthday. My professor wound the timer, said “go” and it began. I described how my partner Eric and I measured the brightness temperature of the sun at the 21cm wavelength of the radio spectrum. It went well because it was my birthday, and nothing can go badly on your birthday. I forgave Hurricane Sandy. The rest of my birthday: grocery shopping, a run, Quantum lecture (to which Eric showed up dressed as a top quark it was awesome) and a trip to BU to watch Monty Python and the Holy Grail with their astronomy club. That night, French House baked me a cake, threw a squishy “happy birthday!” hat on my head, and invited my friend Sam over to celebrate. I failed at blowing out the candles, and Sam made fun of my limited lung capacity. After that, I hung out with friends in New House 3. At midnight, they celebrated one of their resident’s birthdays and I very literally passed on the birthday hat. Thursday, November 1 At 3:30pm, I met with Ed Bertschinger, the head of the physics department here, to chat about our mutual interest in astronomy outreach and how to successfully incorporate outreach into a scientific career. Turns out that hes one of the nicest human beings on the planet. He gave me some pointers for people to talk to and summer programs to investigate. At 4pm, the two of us walked over to 10-250 (a big lecture hall) to watch the inventor of inflationary theory (and my advisor) talk aboutinflation. It was as packed as I’ve ever seen it. Notable quotes: “You don’t have to have a fantastic amount of energy to create a universe.” “[referring to the existence of the multiverse] Martin Rees said he would bet his dog’s life on it. Andrei Linde said he would bet his own life on it. Steven Weinberg, ever the voice of reason, said that he is so confident that there is a multiverse that he would bet the lives of both Andrei Linde and Martin Rees’ dog.” “The good news is that life goes on somewhere in the multiverse.” Friday, November 2 On Thursday night, I had two tasks: 1) finish my Quantum pset, and 2) prepare for my Friday menu. Im on French Houses Friday cooking team, which means that I spend two hours every Friday making (and about half an hour cleaning up after) dinner for our living group. On this particular Friday, it was my turn to chef, and I had come up with a relatively elaborate menu. I paid in sleep for not doing any work on my birthday (a girls gotta have principles, okay?) and while I wont tell you exactly what time I went to sleep (my mom reads this blog) I will tell you that my menu was a great success: mushroom/ricotta/spinach/pepperoni calzones, two salads, and chocolate-cinnamon mousse with cherry syrup. Om nom nom. After cleaning up the dishes, I went back to my room to dress up. In a nutshell: I had a Junior Lab paper due the next day, which meant that I couldnt make it to the evenings Class of 2014 semiformal. Not to be put down, my friend Sophie and I decided to dress up anyway dresses, makeup, the whole shabang and had our own formal event. In the floor lounge. With our laptops. Oh, J-Lab. What have you done to me? Saturday, November 3 At around 11:30 Friday night, my friend Lucas convinced me to take a much-needed break from writing the J-Lab paper by playing Ultimate Frisbee with other residents of New House. It is physically impossible for me to say no to Ultimate Frisbee, so I bundled up and joined them on Briggs field. We were still playing at 1:30 or so, and had agreed to only play for ONE MORE POINT, when one of the freshmen went down under a collision his arm had come out of its socket. I called the ambulance. The rest of us huddled around and told silly stories from our own injury histories, trying to keep the kid entertained, while Lucas ran to meet the ambulance. I volunteered to accompany the freshman to the hospital, so found myself in the ambulance a few minutes later, with Lucass cellphone and ID card (I hadnt brought my own.) Fifteen-ish minutes later, two of the others, arrived at the hospital, having woken up their GRT and asked for a ride. Only two of us were allowed in the actual ward, so Dan waited outside. Lucas and I made the most of our senses of humor while our team-mate popped his own shoulder back in. The night went from a little surreal to Freaking Weird when the nurse described the method to pop ones shoulder back in: puff your chest out, she said, encouragingly, like a girl sticks out her boobs! . Iwhat? No comment. Sunday, November 4 Eric came over, and we worked on J-Lab for a couple of hours our experiment was to measure the speed of cosmic ray muons at sea level. At first, we kept getting an answer several orders of magnitude lower than what we wanted, which was very sadbut after realizing the error of our ways, recalculated the speed to be exactly what we expected. Ladies and gentlemen: relativity works. Monday, November 5 I KNOW THAT TURNING 20 MAKES ME OLD, BUT IM REALLY NOT THAT OLD YET. Tuesday, November 6 At noon, I washed silicon microsphere solution and microscope residue off my hands, threw on a scarf and a hat, and rushed across Killian Court to vote for the first time. A girl standing on the steps of the Student Center held a “VOTE TODAY!” sign, and yelled “HAVE YOU VOTED YET?” as I went past - I passed a friend as I entered Kresge Auditorium, and we exchanged congratulations for voting for the first time. I waltzed up to the table, gave my name and address - and was told that I was at the wrong table. Oops. Let’s pretend that didn’t happen. I waltzed up to the CORRECT table, gave my name and address, and received a voting sheet in return. I bubbled in my choices using my bubbling-in expertise from all those years of standardized testing, and wore my “I voted!” sticker around for the rest of the day - and felt very grown-up. - Today I woke up without my alarm, and it was sunny outside. That is always a bad sign. Convinced I’d slept through the test, I shot up, snatched the clock off my bedside table, and almost sang with joy when I saw that I had, against all odds, actually woken up before my alarm went off. I arrived in the lecture hall 10 minutes early, and there was still no one there so left to get a snack. When I returned, I was out of breath (there was a long line!) and only 30 seconds early but there was still no one there, except a lone technician wrapping up some lighting cables. Ummmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm. I’m dreaming, right? Someone please tell me I’m dreaming. Technician: “I guess there’s no class today! Hah hah!” Me: “II guess so.” Technician: “Lucky you!” Yup. Lucky me. Silence. Mind racing, I put my wallet away and zipped up my backpack. Me: “Would you happen to know where everyone went?” Technician: “What?” Me: “Likewhat classroom?” Technician: “Ohno, I don’t. He was no longer laughing. Is there a test today?” Me: “Yup.” With that, I shot out of the room like a burning crucible once shot out of my hand in 10th grade chemistry class (good times) and into a computer cluster. I logged on, checked the class homepage, and saw that the exam was actually over in Walker Memorial. aaaaaaaaaaaand that, boys and girls, is why you should always double-check where your exam is. Backpack flapping and two coats, a hat, and a scarf tucked under my arm, I threw dignity to the wind and sprinted to Walker. I rushed up two flights of stairs, entered with an echoing crash, grabbed an exam packet, and ploughed through the exam with my pulse racing. I finished with ten minutes to spare. BAM. In other news, I just got a text from my friend saying that its snowing. Sowith that new, bizarre piece of information, Im going to go outside and find out what the deal is.

The United States Economy And The Optimism Of The American...

The United States Economy and the Optimism of the American People The U.S. economy appears to be on track for a sustainable recovery from one of the biggest economic problems in history, the Great Recession. Unemployment and inflation are both down from where they had been and things have shifted towards recovery. Inflation is likely to remain in an acceptable zone, but policymakers must be vigilant concerning inflation expectations. Employment has recovered slowly but surely as well. Uncertainty/Fear appears to be growing among American, particularly with the unrest in the Middle East, but studies are showing that faith in economists (and the Fed leaders) among citizens is growing rapidly. Due to the uncertainty, flexibility is†¦show more content†¦Thanks to his efforts and those of many others, our economy is significantly stronger today and continues to improve. As mentioned, the U.S. economy has seen a positive shift in the last few years. According to Janet Yelle n (the Chairman of the Fed), the private sector has created 7.8 million jobs since the post-crisis low for employment in 2010. Additionally, housing seems to have turned a corner in which construction, home prices are all up significantly, and as I mentioned earlier, housing was a large sector that was impacted during the Great Recession and the loss was staggering (The U.S. Economy). Another area that we are seeing tremendous growth is within the auto industry. The auto industry has made an incredible comeback with domestic production and sales back to near pre Great Recession levels. Our economy today is showing the unemployment levels down from a peak of ten percent, and has reached the point of full employment once again. According to Jared Bernstein of the New York Times, Last month the national unemployment rate fell from 5.9 to 5.8 percent thus showing that we are back to full employment according to what I have been taught in class, though I am finding some dispute over what numbers should be considered full employment. Nevertheless, our economy is showing a real growth in helping fellow Americans get back to work. In addition to unemployment decreasing we are also seeing a decrease in inflation. AccordingShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Age Of Hope1541 Words   |  7 Pagesto 1989 was a period in the United States which spurred hope for the economy and in the spirits of the people. The 1980’s were a decade of the American people standing together in tragedy and rejoicing with each other in victory. In 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end of the decade and an age of an oppression overseas. America cheered for the freedom of her brothers and sisters in Germany. One highlight of the 1980’s was the substantial growth of the economy through Reaganomics, PresidentRead MoreThe Rise Of The Great Depression1217 Words   |  5 Pagesnearly every country of the world, touching American society for roughly a decade from late 1929 thr u approximately 1939. Many have accredited the infamous stock market crash of October 24, 1929, as being the singular cause of the Great Depression, which was not entirely true. While the stock market crash was highly related to the great loss of paper wealth, and the devastation of American optimism, it alone was not the cause. 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The United States seemed like an unlikely candidate for being involved with WW1 because they were Isolationists and stood neutral in the conflict for three years. The reasons for US involvement in WW1 was because of economic instability if Bri tain loses the war

Martin Luther King Jr. - 1101 Words

August 28, 1963 (Eidenmuller) marked a very important day in history that had an impact not only on America, but the whole world. On this day, Martin Luther King Jr. presented his well known I Have a Dream speech that aimed to eliminate racism, inequality and discrimination. He strongly believed that one day people would put their differences aside and come together. So, what happened to that dream? Along with other equality initiative ideas, they rarely make it past the idea stages or end in the actual eradication result. It is clear to us that even after 51 years, our societies still struggle with accepting full equality. Within those 51 years we have made a mass amount of progress but, a common thought would be that after this long the issue should have been eradicated. Two essays that can be used as an example of proof that racial inequality still exists in our society are, Black Men in Public Spaces by Brent Staples and Who Shot Johnny? by Debra Dickerson. In these essays, both provide solid evidence to support their main goal with the use of different writing styles, tone, and rhetorical devices to display how African Americans are perceived and treated by society. Within essay one, Black Men in Public Spaces by Brent Staples it describes the life and experiences of a young African American man living between Chicago and New York City over about a ten year span. Due to stereotypes on his race, society assumes he compliments them resulting in being viewed as dangerousShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr.867 Words   |  4 Pagespeople, one of them is Martin Luther King Jr. He made the world a better place for black citizens by doing non-violence movements and marched the way to freedom. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta Georgia as Michael King Jr., but changed his name to Martin Luther King Jr. in honor of Protestant Martin Luther. Through his activism, King played a pivotal role in ending the legal discrimination of African American citizens. During his childhood, Martin Jr.’s father stronglyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1194 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Simmons 1 Gabrielle Simmons Mrs. Fitzgerald Social Studies 8A 4/27/10 Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a well known and an inspiring man to all cultures of the world. King was and still is one of the most influential heroes. King s views and believes helped African Americans through the 50 s and 60 s to the rights and liberties that was their right. King faced many obstacles on his journey, things like jail and even assassination attempts. Despite these obstacles,Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1078 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr., was a very strong person, constantly fighting for what he believed in, which was equality for African Americans. He was not scared to stand up and tell the world what he wanted for society. He was fearless and did everything in his power to prove a point. Martin Luther King, Jr., was the strongest individual of his time, for he fought until death, which proves how much he was willing to risk his life to make the world an equal place. Growing up, he had a very interestingRead MoreMartin Luther King, Jr Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesbe slaves, African-Americans saw a road trip to equality through the eyes of Martin Luther King, Jr. Even after being emancipated from slaves to citizens, African-Americans were not ready to wage the battle against segregation alone. The weight which African Americans carried on their back, was lightened when they began to see what Martin Luther King, Jr. brought to the table against segregation. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the single most important African-American leader of the Civil Rights MovementRead MoreBiography of Martin Luther King, Jr745 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born on in his mothers parents large house on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the second child, and was first named Michael, after his father. Both changed their names to Martin when the boy was still young. King JR was born into a financially secu re family middle class with that, They received better education in respect to most people of their race. King Jr, noticed this and this influenced him to live a life of social protestRead MoreEssay on Martin Luther King, Jr.591 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at home on Tuesday, January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents were Martin Luther, Sr. and Alberta King. He was born into a world where segregation was the law. Where his boyhood best friend, who was white, wasnt allowed to play with him once they started school. Where black people went to separate bathrooms, drank from separate water fountains, couldnt eat in whites only restaurants, and had toRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1144 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. (January 15 1929-April 4, 1968) Brief Summary (of who MLK Jr. is): Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and an activist who led the civil rights movement in the 1950. He was a fundamental force behind the civil rights movement that ended legal segregation. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. But he was sadly assassinated in 1968 on a second floor balcony of Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee†¦ Childhood: Martin Luther was never poor. He lived with a middleRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.2405 Words   |  10 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist, who led the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968. IN THESE GROUPS NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNERS FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO DIED IN 1968 FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO WENT TO PRISON FAMOUS CAPRICORNS Show All Groups 1 of 19  «  » QUOTES â€Å"But we come here tonight to be saved from that patience that makes us patient with anything less than freedom and justice.† —Martin Luther King Jr. Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr. Essay1862 Words   |  8 Pagesbut the content of the character,† (Martin Luther King Jr,1963) Martin Luther King Jr. was a smart child and had a good childhood. He learned values from his parents, and Martin Luther King Jr was a man of much wisdom during his time. He was a major contributor to the civil rights movement, and those contributions have profound effect even today. Michael Luther King was Martin Luther King Jr’s name when was born. His parents changed his name to Martin Luther King when he was just a young boy. TheyRead More Martin Luther King Jr. Essay637 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. was perhaps one of the most influential person of our time. As the father of modern civil rights movement, Dr.Martin Luther king, Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom and peace. Born January 15, 1929, King was the son of an Atlanta pastor. King accomplished many achievements during his life. He graduated from Morehouse as a minister in 1948 and went on to Crozer Theological seminary in Chester, Pa., where he earned a divinity degree. After that King

Developmental Analysis Essay - 2754 Words

Developmental Analysis Bonita Camacho Liberty University Coun 502 Abstract The field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan is called lifespan development. Lifespan development takes a scientific approach in its study of growth, change, and stability. This development emphases on human development. Developmentalists study the course of development in nonhuman species, the most popular examine growth and change in people. In contrast I will focus on the ways people and myself change and grow during our lives, with the consideration of stability in our live span. Together, these findings suggest that we will go through†¦show more content†¦One thing is for sure: No recipe for parenting will guarantee a good nights sleep every night or perfect children (Hotelling, 2004). As stated in the article Bowlby (1982) defined attachment as a child being â€Å"strongly disposed to seek proximity to and contact with a specific figure and to do so in certain situation, notably when h e is frightened, tired or ill†. Typically, preferred attachment emerges clearly in the latter part of the 1st year of life, as evidenced by the appearance of separation protest and stranger wariness. Under usual conditions, preferred attachment unfolds gradually over the 1st year of life (Zeanah and Fox, 2004). Preferred attachments to caregivers may develop at any time after infants reach a cognitive age of 7 to 9 months, provided that the new caregivers have sufficient involvement with the child. Thus, young children adopted out of foster care or institutions readily form attachments to their new caregivers (Zeanah and Fox, 2004). Zeanah and Fox (2004) states there are four patterns of attachment, secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized have described individual differences in the organization of an infant’s attachment behaviors with respect to an attachment figure in this procedure. RAD was first introduced into the diagnostic nosologies just over 20 years ago, with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. [DSM-III], American PsychiatricShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Stage Analysis1644 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental Stage Analysis The two clients that I have selected for my analysis are two year old Ben who is beginning the toilet training process. And my second client Jake who is forty- five years old and is feeling unappreciated, Jake has recently purchased a corvette after driving a truck for the last twenty years. Ben is going through the Preoperational stage. 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Integrating the Arts Essay Thesis Example For Students

Integrating the Arts Essay Thesis As reforms have been implemented and assessed, educational leaders have begun to appear to be ready to entertain new and broader definitions of vat constitutes intelligence and cognition and what contributes to their development in children. Many who are actively involved in educational reform movements have called for a deduction in their systems reliance on standardized tests, written examinations, and other traditional assessment strategies as the most viable way to measure such complex educational outcomes as knowledge and cognitive growth in an individual. When broader notions of what the human intellect comprises are the design of the curriculum, the practice of teaching, and the training and retraining of teachers and school administrators must also be examined. Opportunities to increase the role the arts play in educating our youth then become apparent. If these opportunities are to be realized, we deed new approaches and strategies. Change becomes the order of the day. Educators have encapsulated their approaches by coining such catch phrases as interdisciplinary curriculum, infusing the arts, and integrating the curriculum, The Arts and General Education The general educational curriculum, as we know it, tends to be fragmented and compartmentalized, and, until now, transepts to develop significant linkages from one subject area to another have been rare. Therefore, schooling can be seen, at some levels, more as a series of discrete learning experiences than as a synthesis f related learning from a wide variety of academic disciplines. The issues we face as educators and, more specifically, as art(s) educators, are more varied and perhaps more critical that any issues art(s) educators have had to face in our countrys history. Increasing levels Of cultural diversity, socioeconomic disparity, and gender issues place many of our students in the at risk (of dropping out) category in terms Of public education. Often wonder how many Of our students have dropped out mentally, even though they still attend school. There can be little doubt that many Of the issues that currently face art(s) education also halogen the entire educational system. Interestingly enough. These issues often seem almost diametrically opposed to or mutually exclusive of each other, and, as yet, there seem to be no clear answers. The most pressing of these issues involves the increasing level of cultural diversity exhibited by LIST. Dents. This is followed closely by such related issues as designing curricula that are gender neutral; deciding whether a national curriculum is desirable, let alone achievable, and creating and implementing culturally unbiased assessment measures that provide an accurate measure to academic achievement. With ACH passing day, our nation becomes more culturally diverse, the verbal and visual languages spoken in our schools multiply, and the cultural values of our students become more and more disparate. The image of the United States as a vast cultural melting pot has yielded to a truer analogue-that of the United States as a cultural tossed salad. Todays teachers face huge educational problems when they attempt to design experiences that allow our students to cherish and build upon the cultural values of their own heritage while learning tolerance for the values of others and then to develop the shared beliefs that re necessary for Our nation to maintain its purpose and identity. Even achieving gender equitystructuring educational experiences to accommodate the learning styles Of both males and females, and turning away from educational stereotypes that limit the aspirations of students because of their genderseems almost impossible for the traditional school system to address successfully. In the arts, the move from one era, modernism, to the next set of artistic constructs and beliefs, postmodernism, is also causing many of us to restructure what we teach and how we seek to teach it. Ethical issues relating to the role that teachers would play in the emotional and moral development of their students can be contrasted with issues of academic freedom revolving around censorship. A major concern is to find ways to balance programmatic content that may be seen as controversial, or even radial, with values that may, or may not, he held by a majority of ones community members. In attempts to address the issues and concerns mentioned above, two separate approaches have emerged as possible vehicles tort making the arts an equal partner in general education. While these approaches share the goal of strengthening the role the arts play in making schooling more relevant to our children, they differ drastically in how this goal is realized. These strategies can be labeled the interdisciplinary-arts approach and the integrating-the-arts approach. The Interdisciplinary-Arts Approach The interdisciplinary-arts approach crosses traditional subject matter boundaries by combining them. It requires the creation of a new breed of teachera renaissance teachertrained to create and deliver interdisciplinary learning experiences in multiple art forms to children. This, according the Lengthener, marks the emergence of what could become a new paradigm for teacher reparation in arts education. On the surface, the creation off viable cadre of interdisciplinary arts teachers seems like an important way to infuse the arts into education. After all, as an forms, dance, art, music, and theatre share many common concerns. Elementary school teachers, Who teach in self-contained classrooms, are expected to prepare lessons and teach up to thirteen different subjects each day. Couldnt we create their equivalent-a group Of generalist arts teachers who have the skills and knowledge to share the arts with students in an interdisciplinary fashion? While the idea of creating linkages between ND among the arts is important, the notion of training large numbers of interdisciplinary teachers who can teach the arts as one unified, holistic subject in our schools, or of training elementary generalists to attempt this mission, is problematic for several important reasons. Chief among these reasons is the role of the arts teacher. This approach reverses most, if not all, of the reforms we have undertaken in education during the last twelve years. Much to the reform movement in education has been fueled by the conclusions of the Holmes Group, the Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, the College Entrance Examination Board, and upcoming reports and recommendations by the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards. LS] In the arts, reform also has been stimulated by publications from working groups comprised of members of the professional arts education associations and the Getty Center for Education in the Arts and by the recent publication of parallel national standards for the teaching of each of the Without exception, each Of the major reports coming from these independent groups calls for more subject-matter knowledge on the part of teachers. In fact, the Holmes Report and A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century from the Carnegie Foundation have helped spawn a proliferation of five- year programs in teacher education that are predicated on allowing prospective teachers to attain a bachelors degree in a specialized subject area before they spend a fifth year acquiring the pedagogical skills they need to communicate that knowledge in their classrooms. 171 In essence, the thrust of these and many other calls for reform lies in intensifying rather than diluting the content of education by strengthening and adding focus to the subject area knowledge or expertise of teachers. While each of us can think of examples of individuals who possess proclivities in more than one art form, most of those in the arts find that their talents lie in one specific art form, and indeed may lie in one medium or category of that art form, To expect large numbers of individuals to function as multivalent arts teachers who can sing dance, play instruments, read music, choreograph dances, conduct, draw, paint, sculpt, and delve into interactive media is simply beyond the scope of human capability. The Persian Empire EssayIn Other words, as a pragmatist, propose change that, because minimizes increases in costs, is acceptable to education decision makers not only during a period Of educational reform, when funding for such initiatives is temporarily available, but also during those long years between periods Of reform. First, this integrated arts program must be based on a team-teaching approach that utilizes the expertise of trained pacifists in art, music, dance, and theatre education. Currently, middle schools in virtually all states employ specialists in art, music, and physical education. Many physical education majors have strong backgrounds in movement or dance, At some point in the not-too-distant future, teacher certification in dance may become more common. But until then, we should seek to make use of the expertise currently offered by our physical education instructors. Theatre, also, is not adequately represented at the elementary and middle school levels, but until there are more theatre specialists, creative writing could be substituted or theatre, particularly it significant time is spent in the class studying, writing and performing plays. How would such a program be organized? Instead of attending art classes every day for six to nine weeks and then switching to music every day for six to nine weeks, then to theatre, and finally to dance, block scheduling students would allow them to attend art, music, dance, and theatre for a double period on four successive days each week of an entire semester and then to meet together with all four arts teachers in a large group on the fifth day of the cycle for the semester (see table I). As you can see, the total length Of the program remains the sameone semester-and the staffing, with the exception Of theatre or creative writing, is also the same. The major differences lie in the team-teaching approach, which allows the arts teachers to plan together and reinforce the students learning experiences in the arts program. For the first time in the history of arts education, opportunities for developing the abilities to respond, produce or perform, appreciate, value, and create a cultural/historical context for all the arts become attainable. The content for the integrated arts aerogram would be drawn from the four artistic disciplines and sequenced so that the themes, concepts, styles, cultures, and periods covered in each of the visual arts would also be covered and reinforced in the others. The cultural, critical, social, historical, and aesthetic implications of such in-depth study are enormous compared to the piecemeal way in which we currently cover the arts. At present, we can only guess at how much more powerful and efficient our arts programs would be. But the thought to middle school students studying the works, mastering the techniques, and examining the aesthetic beliefs of he impressionist painters while listening to and performing the music that was being played, seeing and dancing the ballets and folk dances that were being performed, and reading and performing excerpts from the literature and theatre of Western Europe at that time is more than a bit enticing. Indeed, how much more relevant would schooling become if an equal amount of time and effort was spent in exploring the culture of native Americans or African Americans through an in-depth examination of their art works, while listening to and performing the music they played, seeing and dancing the tribal and folk dances that ere part of the everyday lives of their ancestors, and reading and performing excerpts from the Oral histories that have been passed down from generation to generation by members of these or many other American and non-western cultures? Arts programs in our schools hue been based on gifted and talented models of education. Traditionally, as children passed through our educational system, eve have tended to encourage those Who could produce or perform and discourage those who appeared to be less physically or overtly dexterous. In short, we have tended to concentrate on developing the gifts of a talented minority rather than creating generations of connoisseurs of the arts. Our programs have suffered accordingly. Integrating the arts with each other could well begin to reverse this trend by providing multiple opportunities for achieving success while studying the arts. How many new avenues for success in studying the arts could be uncovered in addition to producing or performing is an open question that begs to be investigated. Finally, you may think that my vision tort an integrated arts program is overly broad, lacking clarity or definition, In part, must agree. These musings are meant to stimulate, not prescribe. There is no en right way to achieve the kinds of aims have placed before you in this brief article. One cannot and should not attempt to teacher-proof a curriculum by creating a curricular cookbook bursting with cant-fail teaching recipes. Teachers must tailor their curricular, and their pedagogical, efforts to meet the needs of their students, and the approach outlined here is an attempt to encourage the kind of unified thinking and curricular bridge building that we so desperately need in our educational system. If we can integrate the arts with each other, we can accomplish two vital goals. We can once again serve as a model for the est.. Of the curriculum (as we are currently doing in the areas Of evaluation and assessment), and we can make it possible for arts educators to participate significantly in the restructuring Of general education With the arts at its core. Integrating the Arts with the Rest of the Curriculum Historically, eve have failed to carve out a niche for the arts in education that makes us equal partners in the educational process. Perhaps the leap from frill to essential, from fluff to requirement, was simply too great a vault for any field to make. However, once the arts have been successfully integrated with each other, here is a very real possibility that they may be able to document their academic relevance and intellectual discipline to prove that they merit full partnership in the educational system. The question for us as individual teachers of the arts and as teachers in related fields, therefore, is not simply, How do we get better at doing what we do? Rather, we should ask, What must we do to move our titles into the educational mainstream? As efforts to refine and strengthen the general school curriculum continue, infusing the arts into general education is a goal we must accomplish. This goal, however, will not be realized through the creation of new breed of interdisciplinary arts teachers who, fear, could never hope to do justice to the art forms they seek to teach A more reasoned approach to making the arts more central to education is to eliminate the isolation that arts teachers encounter in their teaching situation and to make it possible for arts teachers to work together, to exchange ideas, and to plan in teams as we look to guarantee the future of the arts in educational] The goal of integrating the arts with each other and then with general education certainly merits serious exploration.

Media and the Idea of Beauty free essay sample

Elizabeth Rosales Cultural Anthropology-A18: Yi,Zhou April 21, 2011 Response Paper: Killing Us Softly Who are we? Who am I? With the average American exposed to approximately 3,000 ads a day they all remind us of who we are not and who we should be. The images we are constantly bombarded with by the mass media don’t just sell products they â€Å"sell values, images, concepts of love, sex, and normativity†, standards to which we so often compare ourselves to. Ads reinforce gender binaries, all making a statement about what it means to be a woman in this culture of thinness stressing a particular importance on physical beauty. Jean Kilbourne’s film Killing Us Softly explores and exposes the detrimental effects of the objectification and dehumanization in the representation of women in the popular culture, specifically advertisements. With only less than five percent of women of the entire population that reflect the images of the women advertised, the majority of women are left to feel ashamed for not trying hard enough. We will write a custom essay sample on Media and the Idea of Beauty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women’s bodies are increasingly subjected to strict scrutiny under a magnifying glass by our superficial culture, these actions bring forth and further feed the shame and embarrassment women associate with their bodies, their sexuality, their size, and their weight. Spending self-conscious days, weeks, months, and even years in front of a mirror and scale, inspecting our bodies in front of a mirror comparing ourselves to the images spread over magazine covers as women we are repeatedly reminded that our bodies are home to imperfections and there is always room for improvement whether that be through exercise, plastic surgery, dieting, or over the counter â€Å"beauty and health† products. Rosales 2 Is this self-improvement or self-destruction? Today, 1 in 5 women are likely to develop an eating disorder and cosmetic surgery is more popular than ever before. More and more women each day are going under the knife for breast enhancements losing all sensation in their breasts. Such procedures dehumanize and objectify women transforming them from â€Å"subjects to objects†, all because as women we are conditioned by the dominant culture to want to feel desirable and seek the approval of men. The breasts, therefore, become a source of pleasure for the men and not the women who undergo the procedure. These internalized feelings drive many to strive to obtain an unattainable beauty and live up to certain impossible expectations whether it’s consciously or not. We fail to recognize that most of the images we are exposed to are computer generated, they are not real women they have been photo shopped and manipulated to look like that and yet we continue to perpetuate these images as the standards for beauty. Much more, the standards that women are expected to live up to is a paradox of ideas, we are to be both â€Å"innocent and sexy, virgin and experienced† child/doll-like and sex objects simultaneously. Can that be any more absurd? Gender is a performance that the mass media is largely responsible for defining, if we are not thin or beautiful enough then we are not feminine enough. The oppression and misrepresentation of women is not limited to gender though, race plays an active role in the representation of women. Asian women for example, are depicted as docile and passive lovers, whereas black and Hispanic women are hyper sexualized and portrayed as exotic promiscuous â€Å"creatures† dressed in animal prints. The perfect ideal woman was manufactured and it’s time we recognize this, she is an illusion that doesn’t exist outside of caricature. Instead of altering our Rosales 3 bodies to fit those Barbie doll like measurements we need to start portraying the large diversity of women accurately and stop condemning those who are not thin enough, tall enough, light enough, as not being beautiful because they aren’t trying hard enough to fit those categories.

The Roman Tetrarchy and the Rule of Four

The Roman Tetrarchy and the Rule of Four The word Tetrarchy means rule of four. It derives from the Greek words for four (tetra-) and rule (arch-). In practice, the word refers to the division of an organization or government into four parts, with a different person ruling each part. There have been several Tetrarchies over the centuries, but the phrase is usually used to refer to the division of the Roman Empire into a western and eastern empire, with subordinate divisions within the western and eastern empires. The Roman Tetrarchy Tetrarchy refers to the establishment by the Roman Emperor Diocletian of a 4-part division of the empire. Diocletian understood that the huge Roman Empire could be (and often was) taken over by any general who chose to assassinate the emperor. This, of course, caused significant political upheaval; it was virtually impossible to unite the empire. The reforms of Diocletian came after a period when many emperors had been assassinated. This earlier period is referred to as chaotic and the reforms were meant to remedy the political difficulties that the Roman Empire faced. Diocletians solution to the problem was to create multiple leaders, or Tetrarchs, located in multiple locations. Each would have significant power. Thus, the death of one of the Tetrarchs would not mean a change in governance. This new approach, in theory, would lower the risk of assassination and, at the same time, made it nearly impossible to overthrow the entire Empire at a single blow. When he split up the leadership of the Roman Empire in 286, Diocletian continued to rule in the East. He made Maximian his equal and co-emperor in the west. They were each called Augustus which signified that they were emperors. In 293, the two emperors decide to name additional leaders who could take over for them in the case of their deaths. Subordinate to the emperors were the two Caesars: Galerius, in the east, and Constantius in the west. An Augustus was always emperor; sometimes the Caesars were also referred to as emperors. This method of creating emperors and their successors bypassed the need for approval of emperors by the Senate and blocked the power of the military to elevate their popular generals to the purple. [Source: The City of Rome in late imperial ideology: The Tetrarchs, Maxentius, and Constantine, by Olivier Hekster, from Mediterraneo Antico 1999.] The Roman Tetrarchy functioned well during Diocletians life, and he and Maximian did indeed turn over leadership to the two subordinate Caesars, Galerius and Constantius. These two, in turn, named two new Caesars: Severus and Maximinus Daia.  The untimely death of Constantius, however, led to political warring. By 313, the Tetrarchy was no longer functional, and, in 324, Constantine became sole Emperor of Rome.   Other Tetrarchies While the Roman Tetrarchy is the most famous, other four-person ruling groups have existed through history. Among the best-known was The Herodian Tetrarchy, also called the Tetrarchy of Judea. This group, formed after the death of Herod the Great in 4 BCE, included Herods sons.

Nure health-related website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nure health-related website - Essay Example It is quite easy to locate the website using Google as the search engine. By just typing ‘health.gov’ on the browser, the website is the first to be generated. The website domain is ‘gov,’ which can be interpreted to mean that the website belongs to a government-affiliated agency. Actually, it belongs to the US Department of Health and Human Services. Further, the website is under the coordination of the Office of Disease Prevention and health Promotion, the Office of the Secretary and the Office of the assistant Secretary of Health in the US Department of Health and Human services. This website in every respect deals with matters relating to health. The universal resource locator (URL) for the website is http://www.health.gov/. www.health.gov is an outstanding website that commands a lot of authority hence its credibility. Being owned by the Department of Health and Human Services, it is expected that it will abhor the most credible information that is obtained from reliable sources. The government conducts health surveys as well as credible independent surveys, which form the basis of some of the information that is posted in this website. In addition, any health related communication from the government and stakeholders in the health sector are provided through this site. In this regard, the site has diverse health news and resources from different credible sources. The focus on the site is on matters related to human health. This demonstrates that the site is quite specific and objective. Navigating through the site is quite easy because there are different categories that one can click, hence providing an easy access to various form of health information. The site does not collect any personal informat ion unless the user opts to do so though the information is protected. However, non-personal information is collected and saved. The site prohibits sharing, disclosing or selling of its information unless provided by the Federal

Modern Art History Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern Art History Assignments - Assignment Example The paper "Modern Art History Assignments" investigates the history of modern art and discovers what is bad and good art. A good art is an art that be interpreted easily with a theme or subject matter. It should be educative or resembling some deep hidden factors while appearing simple. A good art balances the environment and the pictorial. A good art should have a purpose. A bad art is an art without a theme objective and purpose. It lacks balance and creates mixed reaction leading to confusion. The painting shows Brutus wife and children very emotional crying and wailing over the ruling Brutus has made against his own sons to bring about revolution in his empire. Brutus appears to be calm but pictured to be in deep thoughts not even able to look back and see his own sons punished for committing treason. The pictorial paintings of the building, statues and mode of dressing signify the Roman Empire. The name Brutus in itself also signifies the brutality going on in the picture. Light and shadow are pictured are well illuminated in the picture with a good sharp contrast. Drama depicts this single painting as observed in the picture. At the back Brutus son is carried away for punishment while at the center of the image Brutus is shown seated and calm while at the very left the wife and children are crying and wailing. Realist art in the 19th century includes paintings and pictures that attempts to show the stratus of the lower, middle and upper class in addition to culture, customs, beliefs and mores of the people.

Uncertainty in Modernism: Family, Identity and Work

Uncertainty in Modernism: Family, Identity and Work Life is more uncertain now than it was in the early 1950s. Discuss this claim. Introduction This assignment will investigate the claim that life is more uncertain now than it was in the early 1950s. Beginning with a brief description of the climate of the 1950s the assignment will then look at three areas, work and welfare, the family, and identity. In doing this the assignment will draw only on material supplied for the module. Post-war Britain was quite different to what we see today. In the early 1950s there was still considerable war damage and so the Government had introduced massive building programmes to make sure that people had adequate housing. The welfare state had been introduced in the years immediately following the war. Based on the notions that the (predominantly male) workforce would enjoy full employment, and that ‘traditionl’ family life would continue, the Government claimed that it would be able to look after its citizens from the cradle to the grave. They were overly idealistic in their views and in the last fifty years Britain has witnessed massive changes in the areas of work and welfare. There have also been changes in family structures and this has had corresponding implications for peoples’ identities. Work and Welfare During the Second World War, and in the years after, people felt that they were secure in their employment. In industry particularly working class men had been conditioned to the view that if they worked hard then they would have a job for life.[1] This was not to say that ordinary people earned a lot of money, they didn’t. Normally sons and daughters would follow in father’s and mother’s footsteps once they left school, In the early 1950s Britain was a stratified society and people did not often move from one class to another. The class into which a person was born therefore was very often the one in which they stayed and this had implications for their life chances in other areas. People did not have the choices that they have nowadays few women went out to work and it was the father’s responsibility to go out and earn money to support his family.[2] There were some uncertainties of course for families who were reliant on one wage. Traditional areas of e mployment are being eroded as the number of industries has declined and more people are taking jobs in areas that were previously seen as women’s work. Nowadays both the man and his wife may be working. They might work full time, part-time, or rely on state benefits. In some households it is a mixture of things.[3] Hutton (1999)[4] maintains that the diverse sources of employment can in themselves be sources of uncertainty because in some areas (agency temping for example) people may not know whether they will have work from one week’s end to the next. This creates divisions between those families who have alternative sources of employment the ‘work rich’[5], and those whose suitability for different types of employment is limited. Such changes in employment patterns affect not only the traditional working classes but also the middle classes. In the early 1950s young middle class men could expect a secure career with a steady climb up the ladder, that is n ot the case today. Many people face redundancies, followed by the hard searching for a new job, in some cases they may find themselves dependent on state benefits for considerable periods.[6] Such changes may also have an effect on a couple’s marriage and if this ends in divorce then both people could be worse off. The wife may find herself looking for work after having been out of the labour market for some years because she was caring for children. This gets worse the further down the income scale a family is. In the past labourers and industrial workers may not have had as much job security as their middle class counterparts because some of them became unfit for work before retirement age. People did have some security however. Nowadays people can end up reliant on state benefits over a very long period and this can result in social exclusion where they are unable to fully participate in society (Mackintosh and Mooney, 2004)[7]. Changing employment patterns have, in many c ases, led to changing roles in society and this has had implications for people’s sense of identity. Identity Mercer (1990) argues that modern society is characterised by diversity and uncertainty and that this has corresponding implications for people’s identities.[8] Changing gender roles and more women in the workplace have resulted in changes in people’s sense of self. In addition to this as Mercer has highlighted Post-War immigration along with rapid social and technological change has brought with it n increasing focus on contemporary eacialised and ehtnicised identities.[9] This mixing of people’s new identities along with older ones contributes to the sense of uncertainty that many people feel is a feature of modern life.[10] Identities are relational, thus blackness is seen in its relationship to whiteness and vice versa. This has led to what have been termed hybrid identities where people draw on different cultural heritages. Social trends such s the greater exclusion of ethnic minorities from better paid jobs and decent standards of living point to the fact th at the social structure in the UK is permeated with racialisation and ethnicisation where people are seen only in terms of their skin colour and ethnicity.[11] These structures in turn, affect people’s identities because they prevent them from becoming something other than that which society has defined. On the other hand changes in society affect social structures which in turn affect people’s identities in myriad ways. Because identities are no longer fixed they are a source of continuing uncertainty. This uncertainty leads to further changes in the social structure. Contemporary people’s identities are unsettled because the changes mentioned above tend to cross ethnic boundaries. For example the changing role of women and their greater inclusion in the labour market has affected not only women’s and men’s identities, it has also led to changes in family structures. The Family Nowadays there seems to be considerable concern over what is termed the traditional family. In the papers and on television journalists are increasingly expressing concern for the death of what they call traditional family values. Critics raise the subject of cohabitation, divorce, same sex marriage, and the increasing number of lone parent households, and regularly pose the question of what is happening to British society. Mooney et al (2004) have said of this that it results in contemporary family life being viewed with a mixture of ‘fear and fascination.’[12] There is widespread concern that the changes we are witnessing in family structure will lead to wider social problems and may have troubling implications for the individuals involved.[13] This raises the question of whether such changes should be viewed with pessimism or whether they are simply a result of the different ways that people order their lives in response to changes in society. Will these changes resul t in changes in patriarchal society or will they serve to further strengthen masculine power and supremacy? Although family roles and responsibilities are changing, for example women are no longer viewed primarily in terms of their housewife role, nor men as the family breadwinner, the family is still a widely accepted concept.[14] It is becoming increasingly difficult to refer to the traditional family without making reference to the past, what some people term, ‘the golden age of the family’.[15]Numbers of people have questioned whether there was such a thing or whether it is an ideological form that served a certain period of society. Conclusion It has been claimed that life is more uncertain now than it was in the early 1950s. Certainly Britain has seen considerable changes in the last fifty years. The welfare state was presaged on notions of full employment which did not foresee the changes that would take place as the result of new technologies. Change does cause uncertainty but that does not mean that it is necessarily a bad thing. Harking back to the early 1950s as a sort of golden age is wrong. History shows that societies that do not change and are not prepared to go forward eventually die out, change may not always be easy and this can result in uncertainty, but worrying about it will not stop progress. Bibliography Block 1 (6) (3) Block 3 (3) (2) Block 1 (8) (4) Block 3(1) (2) Hutton 1999 cited in Block 3 (3) (2) Mercer 1990 cited in Block 1 (8) (4) Mackintosh and Mooney 2004 cited in Block 3 (1) (2) 1 Footnotes [1] Block 1 (6) (3) see page 153 [2] Block 3 (3) (2) see page 78 [3] Page 78 ibid [4] Cited on page 78 ibid [5] Block 3 (3) 2 page 78 [6]ibid [7] ibid [8] Cited in Block 1 (8) (4) page 130 [9] ibid [10] Ibid page 131 [11] ibid [12] Block 3(1) (2) page 46 [13] ibid [14] ibid [15] Ibid page 47

Homosexuality Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Homosexuality For years scientists have been attempting to ascertain whether or not homosexual behavior can be linked to a biological catalyst. From Alfred Kinsey's revolutionary survey in 1947 to the current media upheaval about a prospective "gay gene," the desire to pinpoint a cause for the personalities and behaviors associated with homosexuality has reached new plateaux. The scientific community is constantly developing more and more evidence to suggest that there may well be a neurological explanation for homosexuality. Although historical studies and purposed treatments have ranged from group counseling to shock therapy, recent research suggests that exposure to an abnormally high or low amount of certain hormones could potentially affect sexual behavior. Just as there is no gene for heterosexuality, there can be no "gay gene." Genes are not responsible for an individual's actions; they simply guide the "sequence of a particular protein that may influence behavior" ( 1 ). However, it is possible that there is a genetic factor which is responsible for a protein synthesis resulting in particular sex hormone levels (namely testosterone and estrogen) which could augment certain sex-typical characteristics, and might explain sexual behavior ( 1 ). This paper will discuss various studies which examine the effects of male and female hormones in an attempt to develop a potential correlation between biological foundations and homosexual behavior. According to Fred Delcomyn (2), mammals naturally develop as females "in the absence of sex hormones." Without the intervention of androgens (testicular hormones, specifically testosterone), all mammals develop in utero as female. Not only are the genitals identical in early fe... ...r that personality and behavior are more than simple chemical reactions. While prenatal over-androgenization or estrogenization could potentially be one of the many underlying causes of homosexuality, this has only been shown in certain cases, largely those in which chemical abnormalities have caused effeminate or masculinizing behavioral (and in some cases physical) traits. The studies discussed herein cannot account for the physiological characteristics of every member of the gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered community. It is also possible that the amounts of hormones studied are not abnormal, but fall somewhere in the spectrum of human sexuality. Internet Sources: 2. Delcomyn, Fred. Foundations of Neurobiology. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co. 1998 http://salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk/year1/Sexdiff.htm http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~sg7/eng105/students/Beth.htm

Asian students perform better academically than US students

Asian students perform better academically than U.S. students throughout the entire school year. In order to prove that Asian students do perform better, Harold W. Stevenson and his colleagues proposed a series of large cross-national studies, beginning 1980. Stevenson discussed his studies in the article â€Å"Learning from Asian Schools†. The studies compared Chinese, Japanese, and American children who sampled from first grade and fifth grade classrooms in elementary schools in Minneapolis, Chicago, Sendai, Beijing, and Taipei. The studies found that in mathematics average scores of the Asian first and fifth graders were higher than the American averages. When compared the scores from different grades, the studies found decline in American schools as well as improvement in Taiwan and steady high performance in Japan. In addition, the studies found that in reading the Asian students caught up by the fifth grade following the increased demands in Asian languages, although American first graders tended towards the top on these tests. The test results undoubtedly confirmed the truth about the superior performance of Asian students over American students. According to the studies, Stevenson found that there were three main reasons associated with Asian children†s success: cultural differences, educational system and teacher performance. Asian mothers considered the most important thing in their children†s life is to do well in school; education is equivalent to the children†s future. Therefore, Asian mothers hold high standards for their children†s academic performance, believing that the road to success is through effort, having positive attitudes about achievement, and studying diligently. In contrast, American mothers had very high satisfaction with their children†s academic performance because they lacked measurement standards for performance, and believed their children†s success came from being born with intelligence and being diligent. American mothers also placed a lesser emphasis on academic achievement because they believed their children†s childhood shouldn†t solely focus on school. Asian mothers† attitudes caused their children to work harder to improve their performance. In addition to the cultural difference mentioned above, the different education system also formed a barrier for American students through the road of success. In school daily life, American students spent most of their time in the classroom. Dissimilarly, Asian schools had frequent recesses and a longer lunch period that in turn maintained the students attention to the teachers. The after school activities and clubs in Asian schools made the school an enjoyable place, therefore, students appeared well behaved and well adjusted, which could be proven by fewer complains in school and better attendance by Asian students. Due to the clear academic goal, the more demanding curriculum for Asian students actually did not cause extraordinary stress. Asian teachers† performance also contributed to the students† academic achievements. Compared to American teachers† individual work and self-adjusted schedule, Asian teachers usually consult each other, worked as a group to design teaching techniques in following the national curriculum, hence provided the best understanding from the students. Asian teachers only spent part of their school time teaching and prepared the classes in the teacher†s room for rest of the working time; this allowed them to prepare their classes well. Asian teachers followed preplanned materials and assigned a â€Å"brief period of seatwork throughout the class period†(Stevenson 236), which provide a series of productive interaction and discussions for students. In contrast, American teachers had to cover all elementary school subjects and spent most of their time at school teaching, so they didn†t have enough time to prepare classes. In addition, American teachers explained concept first and gave seatwork later during class, thus reducing the students† attention. Even the Asian teachers† education background was not as high as American teachers, the â€Å"in-service training under the supervision of skilled models†(Stevenson, 236) used by Asian schools gave the teachers the skills to gain students attention, which included giving feedback to students, using more materials that can be manipulated and relating the subjects to the students† daily life. In conclusion, the U.S. had to create a cultural emphasis on academic success and education, which is not merely increase the length of school days but had to change the way of American teachers† jobs performance. Stevenson considered the culture difference might cause some biased results, so he proposed his studies by using wide range of scientific data to gain the precise statistics. According to Stevenson†s studies, Asian students perform better academically is a truism. Nevertheless, American schools will not achieve the same level of success if they completely imitate Asian schools. In addition, Stevenson merely compared the children†s scores might ignore their practice abilities. Although theories dominate practices, the good performance on test paper does not equal to the strong practice abilities. Undoubtedly, the great academic performance achieved by Asian schools is worth praise, however, it is very difficult to compare success factors between different cultures. Therefore, the ways to improve American schools† performance should be adjusted to fit in the need and want of American schools. In other words, merely introducing higher standards, longer school days, and new education systems cannot improve the performance of American schools. Simultaneously, it is very important for American schools to discard the dross and select the essential from Asian schools† academic experiences in order to establish a series of countermeasures. Once American schools recognize their shortcomings and build a new academic culture base on their advantage, American academic achievement will rise to world standards. When I was a third grader of elementary school in China, my Chinese teacher not only impressed me through her outstanding teaching performance but also evoked my interest in writing composition. In Chinese education standards, third grade of elementary school is the time to learn how to write a short narrative composition. I had no idea how to describe an affair†s process. On the first day of class for composition, I felt really nervous because I did not know what I was going to face. I thought the teacher would give us something to write, but what surprised me was that she started the class by telling us a tale of the fisherman and goldfish. I was immersed by the interesting story and felt completely relaxed. After the teacher finished the story, she distributed a copy of it to us and started a discussion about the story. Following a series of â€Å"what if, how and why† questions about the story under the teacher†s instruction, we reached an alliance that the writer†s abundant imagination and remarkable writing skills let readers fall into the story. The teacher did not ask us to write anything after the class; I had already readied to start my first composition in my mind, because I had understood how a good story could bring happiness to people. For the rest of my years in elementary school, I wrote compositions to entertain myself and finally could not live without it. The compositions that I wrote in the third grade were really ridiculous, but I always remembered and appreciated the teacher†s aspiration and encouragement. Without her positive feedback, I would never have benefited from writing Chinese composition. From my personal experience, I believe that Asian students do not gain the remarkable academic achievements by sheer good luck. In other words, the academic success of Asian schools is worthy of praise.

An Overview of Cultural Heritage Months